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"#**PHASE 3: Calculate the mass of Jupiter**\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"---\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"---\n",
"\n",
"Now you are going to follow the **scientific method**, as scientist do.\n",
"\n",
"You need to follow these three steps:\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"1. **Make an hypothesis**\n",
"2. **Do an experiment**\n",
"2. **Compare your conclusions with your hypothesis**\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n"
],
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"# **Make an hypothesis:**\n"
],
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}
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"#@title\n",
"import numpy as np\n",
"from IPython.display import display, Markdown, Latex, HTML\n",
"import ipywidgets as widgets"
],
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"def create_question(question, choices, answer):\n",
" display(Markdown(f\"**{question}**\"))\n",
"\n",
"\n",
" feedback = widgets.HTML('✔ Great answer! Any answer is correct because you are doing an hypothesis! You will find out the correct answer after executing this challenge')\n",
"\n",
" radio_buttons = widgets.RadioButtons(options=choices, description='Options')\n",
" button = widgets.Button(description=\"Submit\")\n",
"\n",
" def check_answer(button):\n",
" # Disable the radio buttons after the answer is submitted\n",
" radio_buttons.disabled = True\n",
" button.disabled = True\n",
"\n",
" button.on_click(check_answer)\n",
"\n",
" display(radio_buttons)\n",
" display(button)\n",
" display(feedback)\n",
"\n",
"# Question\n",
"create_question(\"What do you think is the mass of Jupiter? (Note: SS stands for Solar System.)\",\n",
" [\"Twice the mass of the Earth\", \"2.5 times the other SS planets\", \"1% times the mass of the Sun\"],\n",
" \"Any answer is correct!\")\n"
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"text/markdown": "**What do you think is the mass of Jupiter? (Note: SS stands for Solar System.)**"
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"def create_question(question, choices, answer):\n",
" display(Markdown(f\"**{question}**\"))\n",
"\n",
" # Always set the feedback to \"Great answer! Any answer is correct because you are doing an hypothesis!\"\n",
" feedback = widgets.HTML('✔ Great answer! Any answer is correct because you are doing an hypothesis! You will find out the correct answer after executing this challenge')\n",
"\n",
" radio_buttons = widgets.RadioButtons(options=choices, description='Options')\n",
" button = widgets.Button(description=\"Submit\")\n",
"\n",
" def check_answer(button):\n",
" # Disable the radio buttons after the answer is submitted\n",
" radio_buttons.disabled = True\n",
" button.disabled = True\n",
"\n",
" button.on_click(check_answer)\n",
"\n",
" display(radio_buttons)\n",
" display(button)\n",
" display(feedback)\n",
"\n",
"# Questions\n",
"create_question(\"How could you calculate the mass of Jupiter? by ...\",\n",
" [\"weighting the planet\", \"their orbital moon movements\", \"using parallax\"],\n",
" \"Any answer is correct!\")\n"
],
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{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"# **Do the experiment: Calculate the mass of Jupiter**\n",
"\n",
"We are going to study the orbital movements of the Galilean moons so that we get Jupiter's mass. We have seen all the equations that have to be solved, but in practice, you can use **Stellarium** (software).\n",
"\n",
"For this phase **each group member** has to perfom the experiment with a different Galilean moon. These are the steps to be followed:\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"1. Choose one of the Galilean moons:\n",
">For this phase each group member has to choose a moon. Remember that you can also see the moons and its characteristics in [Scifleet](https://scifleet.esa.int/)\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"2. Install Stellarium and open it\n",
"> You will be located on a green path in day or night view. In addition, if the location is activated, you will appear just where you are. **Follow the steps listed below to complete the experiment, which are explained in the following video:\n",
"[Link to the video (in spanish)](https://youtu.be/wghWnlI-MNU)**\n",
"\n",
"\n",
">\n",
"\n",
"\n"
],
"metadata": {
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},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"\n",
"\n",
"Figure 1"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "BDRuQ8Qh-mVU"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"\n",
"* **Step 1: Open Stellarium**: You will be located on a green path in day or night view. In addition, if the location is activated, you will appear just where you are.\n",
"\n",
"* **Step 2: Go to Jupiter**: There are two ways of using Stellarium:\n",
"\n",
" * OPTION 1: By using a **script**\n",
" * OPTION 2: By using the Stellarium user-interface.\n",
" \n",
" You will be using OPTION 1.\n",
" \n",
" * **OPTION 1**: By using the **script** below; this means using a set of instructions written in a programming language.\n",
" * Open a console in Stellarium by pressing F12 (Fn+F12).\n",
"\n",
" * Copy and paste the **script** below on your black screen (console):\n",
"\n",
" * Click on the play (▶) buttom.\n",
"\n",
" * Check that the view on your screen looks like Figure 2.\n"
],
"metadata": {
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}
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"**script**:\n",
"core.setObserverLocation(\"Madrid, Spain\");LandscapeMgr.setFlagLandscape(false); LandscapeMgr.setFlagAtmosphere(false); LandscapeMgr.setFlagFog(false);core.selectObjectByName(\"Jupiter\", true); core.setMountMode(\"equatorial\"); core.setTimeRate(3000); StelMovementMgr.setFlagTracking(true);"
],
"metadata": {
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{
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"source": [
"\n",
"\n",
"Figure 2. Stellarium"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "nvj96E26l5Bt"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"\n",
" \n",
" **Note**: In Stellarium we see the jovian system as seen from the Earth. Its moons actually move in a circular movement around Jupiter, but we are viewing the 2D projection."
],
"metadata": {
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},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"## **Activity 3.1 : Calculate the orbital parameters of your Galilean moon**\n",
"\n",
"#### **Calculate the Orbital period**\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"To study the orbital movement of your moon you need to check how much time does it take to the moon to cover a complete loop. For this you need to know how to use the basic time setting, which is located at the bottom cursor of the screen:\n",
"\n",
"\n",
" * If **you selected OPTION 1 at Step 2**, slow down the movement of the moons **by pressing twice the rewind icon**.\n",
"\n",
" * If you selected OPTION 2 at Step 2, start the movement of the moons and/or move it forward faster by pressing twice the forward icon.\n",
"\n",
"We can consider **the orbital radius** of our galilean moon as **the furthest distance between Jupiter and the moon**.\n",
"\n"
],
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},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"Let’s calculate the **orbital radius** by following the steps in the procedure:\n",
"\n",
"1. Pay attention to the “date” and “time” parameters in the lower part of the\n",
"display.\n",
"\n",
"2. Select a starting point, when the moon is further from the planet, and write down the date and time. Information of time is given in the format YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, where YYYY stands for year, MM for month, DD for day, hh for hours, mm for minutes and ss for seconds. Write this time in the Table in the Student guide.\n",
"\n",
"3. Watch your moon to make one complete orbit, what means passing by the starting point once, and note down the date and time when the moon returns to the same position. **Note**: Use the same time format of YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss. Write this time in the Table in the Student guide.\n",
"\n",
"4. Execute the script below and enter the initial date and the final date in the following boxes for the calculation. Write this value, in days and hours, in the Table of the Student guide, which will be **the orbital period of your moon**.\n",
"\n",
"What value did you get? "
],
"metadata": {
"id": "YTxmvWq7LtPi"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"from datetime import datetime\n",
"\n",
"def calculate_time_difference(initial_date, final_date):\n",
" initial_datetime = datetime.strptime(initial_date, \"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\")\n",
" final_datetime = datetime.strptime(final_date, \"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\")\n",
"\n",
" time_difference = final_datetime - initial_datetime\n",
"\n",
" years = time_difference.days // 365\n",
" months = (time_difference.days % 365) // 30\n",
" days = (time_difference.days % 365) % 30\n",
" hours = time_difference.seconds // 3600\n",
" minutes = (time_difference.seconds % 3600) // 60\n",
" seconds = time_difference.seconds % 60\n",
"\n",
" return years, months, days, hours, minutes, seconds\n",
"\n",
"# Prompt the user to enter the initial and final dates\n",
"initial_date = input(\"Enter the initial date (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS): \")\n",
"final_date = input(\"Enter the final date (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS): \")\n",
"\n",
"# Calculate the time difference\n",
"result = calculate_time_difference(initial_date, final_date)\n",
"\n",
"# Print the result\n",
"print(\"The period of your moon is: {} years, {} months, {} days, {} hours, {} minutes, {} seconds.\".format(*result))\n"
],
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
},
"id": "RyqJRIUYczng",
"outputId": "8e8bcbab-9c41-425c-e0dc-4050400f953b"
},
"execution_count": null,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"name": "stdout",
"text": [
"Enter the initial date (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS): 2023-05-11 11:10:30\n",
"Enter the final date (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS): 2023-05-14 11:10:00\n",
"The period of your moon is: 0 years, 0 months, 2 days, 23 hours, 59 minutes, 30 seconds.\n"
]
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"#**Calculate the Orbital radius**\n",
"\n",
"**Step 1**: Configure the plugin “Angle measurement” in Stellarium.\n",
"1. Open the configuration menu, on the left menu or F2 in your keyboard.\n",
"1. Check in Plug-ins that the functionality “Angle Measure” is enabled.\n",
" * If this is not the case,\n",
" * Select the box next to ‘Load at start-up’.\n",
" * Restart Stellarium\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"**Step 2**: Identify the orbital radius\n",
"1. Stop the movement of the moons around Jupiter by clicking on in the menu at the bottom of the screen, or K on your keyboard.\n",
"2. In the same menu, click on, or press Ctrl + A, to enable the “Angle Measure”\n",
"plugin.\n",
"\n",
"3. Measure the distance between Jupiter and your moon:\n",
"* Click on the centre of Jupiter and then without releasing drag the cursor to the centre of your chosen moon, as shown in the Figure 3.\n",
"* Repeat your measure as many times as needed to be sure that you are comfortable with it.\n",
"\n",
"**Note**: The calculations are only valid if the measurements are made from the centre of both objects.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Figure 3\n",
"\n",
"4. Record in the Table in the Student guide your measurement of the distance between Jupiter and the moon, where 𝜽 represents the angular radius, using the units, degrees, arc minutes, arc seconds, as given in Stellarium. The calculus is done with the following code.\n",
"\n",
"5. Record in the Table in the Student guide the distance from the Earth to Jupiter , 𝑑𝐽𝐸, in Astronomical Units and kilometers.\n",
"\n",
" **Note 1**: The distance Jupiter-Earth is available in Stellarium by clicking on Jupiter. This information is given in Astronomical Units (AU), as requested by this step.\n",
"\n",
" **Note 2**: Do not confuse 𝑑𝐽𝐸, with *d* in Stellarium , that represents the distance Jupiter-Sun.\n",
"\n",
" **Note 3**: You are also requested to provide the Earth-Jupiter distance in kilometres. For this you should apply the unit conversion AU to km.\n",
"**An astronomical unit is the mean value of the Earth-Sun distance (\n",
"149 584 372 km)**\n",
"\n",
" **Note 4**: As you may guess, the Earth-Jupiter distance is not a constant value along the year.\n",
"\n",
"The calculus is done with the following code.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "URkPXIAnLtao"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"def convert_angle_to_decimal(angle):\n",
" degrees, minutes, seconds = angle.split(\":\")\n",
" degrees = float(degrees)\n",
" minutes = float(minutes)\n",
" seconds = float(seconds)\n",
"\n",
" decimal_degrees = degrees + minutes/60 + seconds/3600\n",
" return decimal_degrees\n",
"\n",
"# Enter the angle in degrees, minutes, and seconds\n",
"angle_input = input(\"Enter the angle in degrees:minutes:seconds format (e.g., 0:4:20): \")\n",
"\n",
"# Convert the angle to decimal degrees\n",
"result = convert_angle_to_decimal(angle_input)\n",
"\n",
"# Print the result\n",
"print(\"The angle in decimal degrees is:\", result)\n"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "dAubpEnBgIqn",
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
},
"outputId": "372ef4dc-96f7-44d2-ceb1-c486fbe79b51"
},
"execution_count": null,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"name": "stdout",
"text": [
"Enter the angle in degrees:minutes:seconds format (e.g., 0:4:20): 0:4:20\n",
"The angle in decimal degrees is: 0.07222222222222222\n"
]
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"def au_to_km(distance_au):\n",
" km_per_au = 149584372 # Number of kilometers in one astronomical unit\n",
"\n",
" distance_km = distance_au * km_per_au\n",
" return distance_km\n",
"\n",
"# Prompt the user to enter the distance in astronomical units\n",
"distance_au = float(input(\"Enter the distance Jupiter-Earth in astronomical units (AU) in the same date you measured the orbital period: \"))\n",
"\n",
"# Convert the distance to kilometers\n",
"result = au_to_km(distance_au)\n",
"\n",
"# Print the result\n",
"print(\"The distance in kilometers Earth-Jupiter is: {:.2e} km\".format(result))\n"
],
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
},
"id": "u_cd4BdFgZqz",
"outputId": "3e51488b-96e5-4363-e5bb-6123957b5cd4"
},
"execution_count": null,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"name": "stdout",
"text": [
"Enter the distance Jupiter-Earth in astronomical units (AU) in the same date you measured the orbital period: 5\n",
"The distance in kilometers Earth-Jupiter is: 7.48e+08 km\n"
]
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"Now, write down your result in your Student guide !"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "jo2Bt4tw-jZ9"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [],
"metadata": {
"id": "DQkqlVR8cmhj"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"**Step 3**: **Apply your knowledge in trigonometry** to calculate the orbital radius (in km)\n",
"\n",
"1. Use the diagram shown in the Students guide to help you with your calculations, where 𝜽 represents the angular radius between Jupiter and the moon, 𝑑𝐽𝐸 ,the distance between Jupiter and the Earth and 𝑅 the orbital radius of the moon around Jupiter.\n",
"\n",
"2. Let’s calculate the **tangent of 𝜃.** Remember the trigonometric expression of the tangent of an angle, Use Stellarium values, where 𝜃 is the moon angular radius and 𝑑𝐽𝐸, the Earth-Jupiter distance.\n",
"\n",
"\\begin{equation}\n",
" tan 𝜃=\\frac{R}{d_{JE}}\n",
"\\end{equation}\n",
"\n",
"* For very small angles, 𝜃 ~0, as it is the case for the angular radius moon-Jupiter, we could use the approximations that the value of the tangent of an angle is comparable with the sinus of the angle or even the value of the angle itself.\n",
"\n",
"\\begin{equation}\n",
" tan 𝜃 ≈ sin 𝜃 ≈ 𝜃\n",
"\\end{equation}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"3. Use the Equation to calculate the radius of the orbit of the moon, 𝑹, (in kilometers and meters) and fill in Table in the student guide.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\\begin{equation}\n",
" R= d_{JE}* tan 𝜃\n",
"\\end{equation}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\\begin{equation}\n",
" R = d_{JE}* 𝜃\n",
"\\end{equation}"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "xetWuNZXhvFl"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"def calculate_radius(distance_sci, angle_degrees):\n",
" distance_km = float(distance_sci) # Convert distance from scientific notation to float\n",
" radius_km = distance_km * angle_degrees * (2 * math.pi) / 360\n",
" radius_m = radius_km * 1000 # Conversion from kilometers to meters\n",
" return radius_km, radius_m\n",
"\n",
"# Enter the distance in scientific notation and the angle in degrees\n",
"distance_sci = input(\"Enter the Jupiter-Earth distance in km scientific notation (e.g., 2.5e6): \")\n",
"angle_degrees = float(input(\"Enter the orbital angle in degrees: \"))\n",
"\n",
"# Calculate the radius in kilometers and meters\n",
"result_km, result_m = calculate_radius(distance_sci, angle_degrees)\n",
"\n",
"# Print the result in scientific notation\n",
"print(\"The radius of the orbit of your moon is: {:.2e} km\".format(result_km))\n",
"print(\"The radius of the orbit of your moon is: {:.2e} m\".format(result_m))\n",
"\n"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "ZEy4TBAmjia9"
},
"execution_count": null,
"outputs": []
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"**Step 4: Calculate the linear velocity of your moon**\n",
"\n",
"1. From the radius of the orbit you can calculate the velocity of the moon using the equation\n",
"\n",
"\\begin{equation}\n",
" v = ω*R=\\frac{2πR}{T}\n",
"\\end{equation}\n",
"\n",
"where, 𝑣, is the linear velocity, 𝜔, is the angular velocity, 𝑇, is the period of the moon (in seconds) and 𝑅, is the orbital radius of your moon (in metres).\n",
"\n",
"Complete Table in the student guide with the lineal velocity value."
],
"metadata": {
"id": "--fL_rFye3Yi"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"def convert_period_to_seconds(period):\n",
" days, hours, minutes, seconds = map(int, period.split(\":\"))\n",
" total_seconds = (days * 24 * 60 * 60) + (hours * 60 * 60) + (minutes * 60) + seconds\n",
" return total_seconds\n",
"\n",
"def calculate_velocity(radius, period_seconds):\n",
" velocity = (2 * math.pi * radius) / period_seconds\n",
" return velocity\n",
"\n",
"# Enter the period in days, hours, minutes, and seconds\n",
"period_input = input(\"Enter the period in days:hours:minutes:seconds format (e.g., 2:12:30:45): \")\n",
"\n",
"# Convert the period to total seconds\n",
"period_seconds = convert_period_to_seconds(period_input)\n",
"\n",
"print(\"The period in seconds is:\", period_seconds, \"seconds\")\n",
"\n",
"# Prompt the user to enter the radius in meters\n",
"radius_sci = float(input(\"Enter the radius in m/s scientific notation (e.g., 2.5e6): \"))\n",
"\n",
"# Calculate the velocity\n",
"result = calculate_velocity(radius_sci, period_seconds)\n",
"\n",
"# Print the result\n",
"print(\"The linear velocity of your chosen moon is: {:.2e} m/s\".format(result))\n",
"\n"
],
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
},
"id": "RcgZw02fkKMS",
"outputId": "4f7bf779-a6f3-4d1d-cd15-3cafcd7f8f32"
},
"execution_count": null,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"name": "stdout",
"text": [
"Enter the period in days:hours:minutes:seconds format (e.g., 2:12:30:45): 3:12:20:0\n",
"The period in seconds is: 303600 seconds\n",
"Enter the radius in m/s scientific notation (e.g., 2.5e6): 6.7e8\n",
"The velocity is: 1.39e+04 m/s\n"
]
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"## **Activity 3.2 : Calculate the mass of Jupiter**"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "MwQpL65cLtdy"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"The mass of Jupiter can be derived from the equation you already learnt:\n",
"\n",
"\\begin{equation}\n",
" \\frac{GM}{4π^2}=\\frac{R^3}{T^2} \\xrightarrow{} \\boxed{M_{Jup.}=\\frac{4π^2R^3}{GT^2}}~~~(1)\n",
"\\end{equation}\n",
"\n",
"using r and T that you previously obtained. \n",
"\n",
"**Note**: Be careful with the units!"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "Wsxmg6i8LthK"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"With the following code and introducing the values you got, you are going to obtain the Mass of Jupiter"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "ViQy9jVi8wLe"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"def calcular_mass_jupiter(radio, periodo):\n",
" # Fórmula de la masa de Jupiter: M = (4π^2 * R^3) / (G * T^2)\n",
" G = 6.67430e-11 # Constante de gravitación universal en m^3/(kg*s^2)\n",
" masa = (4 * math.pi**2 * radio**3) / (G * periodo**2)\n",
" return masa\n",
"\n",
"# Enter radius and period\n",
"radius_jupiter = float(input(\"Enter the radius of the orbit of the moon (metres): \"))\n",
"period_jupiter = float(input(\"Enter the period of the moon (seconds): \"))\n",
"\n",
"# Calculate the mass of the planet\n",
"mass_jupiter = calcular_mass_jupiter(radius_jupiter, period_jupiter)\n",
"\n",
"# Print te result\n",
"print(\"The mass of Jupiter is {:.2e} kg.\".format(mass_jupiter))"
],
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
},
"id": "q2jf1rKr8r4I",
"outputId": "633cf592-eaf3-4ed0-c0be-56fe1405c21d"
},
"execution_count": null,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"name": "stdout",
"text": [
"Enter the radius of the orbit of the moon (metres): 100\n",
"Enter the period of the moon (seconds): 100\n",
"The mass of the planet is: 59149899771298.016 kg.\n"
]
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"# **Compare your conclusions with your hypothesis:**"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "g-6IqIVmDre8"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"#@title\n",
"def create_question(question, choices, answer):\n",
" display(Markdown(f\"**{question}**\"))\n",
"\n",
" radio_buttons = widgets.RadioButtons(options=choices, description='Options')\n",
" button = widgets.Button(description=\"Submit\")\n",
" feedback = widgets.HTML()\n",
"\n",
" def check_answer(button):\n",
" selected_choice = radio_buttons.value\n",
"\n",
" if selected_choice == answer:\n",
" feedback.value = '✔ Great answer!'\n",
" else:\n",
" feedback.value = '✘ Wrong answer.'\n",
"\n",
" button.on_click(check_answer)\n",
"\n",
" display(radio_buttons)\n",
" display(button)\n",
" display(feedback)\n",
"\n",
"# Questions\n",
"create_question(\"What is the mass of Jupiter? (Note: SS stands for Solar System.)\",\n",
" [\"Twice the mass of the Earth\", \"2.5 times the other SS planets\", \"1% times the mass of the Sun\"],\n",
" \"2.5 times the other SS planets\")"
],
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"data": {
"text/plain": [
""
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"text/markdown": "**What is the mass of Jupiter? (Note: SS stands for Solar System.)**"
},
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{
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"RadioButtons(description='Options', options=('Twice the mass of the Earth', '2.5 times the other SS planets', …"
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},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"#@title\n",
"def create_question(question, choices, answer):\n",
" display(Markdown(f\"**{question}**\"))\n",
"\n",
" radio_buttons = widgets.RadioButtons(options=choices, description='Options')\n",
" button = widgets.Button(description=\"Submit\")\n",
" feedback = widgets.HTML()\n",
"\n",
" def check_answer(button):\n",
" selected_choice = radio_buttons.value\n",
"\n",
" if selected_choice == answer:\n",
" feedback.value = '✔ Great answer!'\n",
" else:\n",
" feedback.value = '✘ Wrong answer.'\n",
"\n",
" button.on_click(check_answer)\n",
"\n",
" display(radio_buttons)\n",
" display(button)\n",
" display(feedback)\n",
"\n",
"# Questions\n",
"create_question(\"How do you calculate the mass of Jupiter?\" ,\n",
" [\"By weighting it\", \"With the orbital moon movement\", \"Using parallax\"],\n",
" \"With the orbital moon movement\")"
],
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"text/markdown": "**How do you calculate the mass of Jupiter?**"
},
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},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"Now, you can check your value using Cosmographia, as if you were an expert: [COSMOGRAPHIA](https://cesar.esa.int/upload/202307/student_p3e.ipynb)\n",
"\n",
"Also you can plan an observation of Jupiter with Stellarium\n",
"\n",
"Otherwise, you can go directly to calculate the errors when calculating the mass: [Activity 3.3](https://cesar.esa.int/upload/202307/student_p3_3.ipynb)"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "76jsfm6lLtkB"
}
}
]
}